Satellites are wrapped in the golden color foils to protect it and its
component from the extreme environmental conditions of the space. Most of
the components in a satellite which are mostly electronics has to be
maintained within a certain range of temperature to keep it working, beyond
which the equipment might fail. Likewise the propellants has to be stored
at a particular temperature to avoid its freezing. So this Multi Layer
Insulation (MLI) provides an enclosure to avoid heat exchange with the
outer space which may be at 2.7 K (-270.45 degree C). You may require
active heaters, coolers, Optical solar reflectors and radiators also to get
the complete thermal control. MLI's are basically kapton layer outside and
Mylar layer inside. Outside layer is golden in color to provide high
reflectivity against solar radiation. It blocks significant amount of the
radiation loads on the parts where radiation loads are undesirable. Inside
layer has very low emissivity to minimize the heat leak in any direction.
Conduction is the dominant property inside the enclosure to spread heat
over the structure.
Gold is used because of its multiple benefits in outer space. ... Because
of its excellent ability to reflect infrared light while letting invisible
light, astronauts' visors have a thin layer of gold on them to protect
their eyes from unfiltered sunlight.
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